Emergency Provisions:-

Answer:-  2.  Part XVIII. 

Explanation:- The emergency provisions of the Indian Constitution are defined under Part XVIII. This part, consisting of Articles 352 to 360, outlines the provisions for national, state (President's Rule), and financial emergencies. 

Answer:- 3.  Article 352. 

Explanation:-  Article 352 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to declare a National Emergency. This article allows the President to proclaim a state of emergency if the security of India or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. 

Answer:- 1. Armed Rebellion. 

Explanation:- The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 replaced the term "Internal Disturbance" with "Armed Rebellion" as a ground for declaring a National Emergency under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution.

• This change aimed to prevent the misuse of emergency provisions by making the grounds for declaring an emergency more specific and less open to subjective interpretation. 
  

Answer:- 2.  Article 20 &25. 

Explanation:-  During a National Emergency, the fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles 20 and 21 remain unaffected and cannot be suspended by the President. Article 20 provides protection in respect of conviction for offenses, while Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. 

Additional Info:-

• • Article 20:
    This article protects individuals from being punished for actions that were not illegal at the time they were committed and also protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination. 
  • Article 21:
    This article ensures the right to life and personal liberty, meaning that no person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Answer:- 2. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. 

Explanation:-  When the Emergency was declared in India on June 25, 1975, the President of India was Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. He issued the proclamation under Article 352 of the Constitution, citing threats of internal disturbance. This was done on the advice of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. 

Additional Info:-

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed:
  Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the President of India from 1974 to 1977.  
• Indira Gandhi:
  Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. 
• • She was India's 1st and, to date, only female prime minister, and a central figure in Indian politics as the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC). 

Answer:- 2.  Article 356. 

Explanation:-   Article 356 of the Indian Constitution provides for the imposition of President's Rule in a state when the constitutional machinery of that state has failed. This allows the President, acting on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, to take over the governance of the state. 

Additional Info:-

• Article 356- Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in State
• • (1)If the President, on receipt of report from the Governor of the State or otherwise, is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by Proclamation- and more...

Answer:- 2.  Article 356. 

Explanation:-  A financial emergency in India can be declared under Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. This article empowers the President to proclaim a financial emergency if they are satisfied that India's financial stability or credit is threatened. 

Additional Info:-

• Financial Emergency has never been declared in India so far..
• Article 360- Provisions as to financial emergency
• (1)If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, he may by a Proclamation make a declaration to that effect and more...
• National Emergency was declared thrice:
• • 1962 (India-China war), 
  • 1971 (India-Pakistan war), and 
  • 1975 (internal disturbance).

Answer:- 2. 6 months. 

Explanation:-  A National Emergency in India, once approved by both houses of Parliament, can initially last for six months. However, it can be extended for indefinite periods, with each extension also requiring parliamentary approval by a special majority. Each extension is for a period of six months. 

Additional Info:-

• National Emergency was declared thrice:
• • 1962 (India-China war), 
  • 1971 (India-Pakistan war), and 
  • 1975 (internal disturbance).
• Financial Emergency has never been declared in India so far.

Answer:- 2. Government of India Act, 1935 . 

Explanation:-  The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution were primarily inspired by the Government of India Act, 1935. This act laid the foundation for the framework of emergency powers, which were later adapted and incorporated into the Indian Constitution. 

Additional Info:-

• The concept of suspending fundamental rights during an emergency was borrowed from the Weimar Constitution of Germany. 

Answer:- 2. Article 355. 

Explanation:-   Article 355 of the Indian Constitution imposes the duty on the Union to protect every state against external aggression and internal disturbance. It also ensures that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. 

Additional Info:-

• Article 355- "Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance".
• • It shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the Government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. and more...

Answer:- 3.  Germany. 

Explanation:-   The concept of suspending Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency, as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, was borrowed from the Weimar Constitution of Germany. 

This provision allows the government to restrict certain fundamental rights during times of national crisis or emergency, ensuring national security and stability.